Personal statement for PhD in forensic science Essay

My enthusiasm for Forensic Science was grown fundamentally in my undergrad years and was reinforced during the underlying phases of my Master’s Degree in Molecular Biology. While I was all the while chipping away at my college degree, I got intrigued with science and how the science can be utilized in numerous pragmatic applications for an assortment of enterprises. What caught my consideration the most is the means by which utilizing current science and innovation, experts can decide subtleties of a wrongdoing scene that can be viably used to unravel the wrongdoing. This acknowledgment realized by numerous encounters both all through the homeroom gave me the enthusiasm to consider Forensic Science. At the point when I went into graduate school, I picked Molecular Biology as my major principally in light of the fact that it is profoundly associated with the compound and organic applications to Forensic Science. Sufficiently genuine, the work that I have done as such far in my degree has fortified my conviction to turn into a criminological researcher. As an understudy, I accept that I have the essential information and scholastic commitment to get a doctorate certificate in a science that is an immediate use of my past instructive foundation. My experience information as confirm in my transcripts remembers broad work for science, science, and scholarly exploration with courses that contain nitty gritty lab work utilizing strategies that are corresponding with certain segments of those being utilized in Forensic Science today. In this manner, I have solid proficiencies with various gear utilized in the research facility and am entirely able with working in a requesting lab arrangement. My scholastic records would show that I am an exceptionally tireless understudy who endeavors to accomplish greatness in any scholarly undertaking. Beside this, I additionally have the devotion important in directing thorough exploration which isn't just a prerequisite for any doctorate certificate yet a solid basic for a PhD in Forensic Science specifically. I am mindful that Forensic Science involves a lot of work in social occasion data and handling them so as to acquire the necessary yield and this procedure is natural to me. I have directed different examination extends before and have a steady reputation of having the option to orchestrate complex thoughts into significant investigation that can successfully reflect current patterns and advancements. In Forensic Science, my inclinations specifically are DNA finger printing and investigation of proof. As ahead of schedule as now, I have perused widely on the two zones and am deciding conceivable significant commitments that I can make in my thesis on a theme identified with those said interests. M readings have made me acquainted with the zones and gave me knowledge on what are the worries of the science right now that should be satisfactorily tended to by scholastic examination. This exhibits how true I will likely completion a postgraduate certificate in Forensic Science. I am sure that I am enough arranged and completely able to take on and complete a doctorate qualification in Forensic Science. I have a solid instructive foundation with encounters that are profoundly identified with my proposed major and I have created powerful learning and exploration abilities that are basic to finishing the degree. There is no uncertainty that I will have the option to make critical commitments in this collection of science as an analyst and utilize information picked up in finishing this degree as a legal researcher so as to help law implementation in explaining wrongdoings in light of a legitimate concern for maintaining equity and keeping up cultural request.

Writing and Textual Evidence Essays

Composing and Textual Evidence Essays Composing and Textual Evidence Essay Composing and Textual Evidence Essay English 101 Writing Assignment 3 Assignment Topic: Platos Allegory of the Cave By definition, a purposeful anecdote is an emblematic story, ordinarily about conceptual hypotheses and thoughts utilizing exceptionally emblematic portrayals to show a thing or two or offer an idea in an unpretentious however successful manner. In an exposition of no under 750 words make a contention about what you accept to be the purpose of Platos Allegory of the Cave. Think about the setting, items, characters, and clashes. Consider what lesson(s) appear to be uncovered through this story. Concentrate on one of these key exercises or thoughts for advancement in your paper. That is, the subject for this article is to some degree open, insofar as it originates from the thoughts in Platos moral story. Make certain to make a questionable postulation, one which attests your examination and understanding, and endeavors to make some association with the bigger work all in all. This exposition should concentrate on the content as its essential source and should utilize a lot of printed proof from the content to help your thoughts. While not the center nor equired, auxiliary sources might be counseled for this paper; nonetheless, the thoughts and composing ought to be unique, and the literary proof ought to be from the moral story. Be certain, be that as it may, to incorporate legitimate Works Consulted or pages as essential. Crowd: Classmates and Instructor: SCHOLARS and ACADEMICS. This task requests that you examine a significant old style bit of writing. Arranging: DUE 10/23 In a one-page report in MLA group (utilizing both composition free composition and records), you should propose your exposition subject early with a short article proposition. This proposition ought to incorporate an essential diagram of what you trust you will investigate in the article and why you think this point is substantial or genuine. Your proposition ought to give a rundown of 5-7 potential theory explanations you may use to structure the paper just as at any rate 3 cited sections from the content for potential use in the exposition. So as to push ahead on your paper, you should initially get endorsement on your proposition. This paper will be assessed with the principles sketched out in The Student Guide to Learning. Uncommon consideration ought to be paid to a painstakingly built proposal, a lot of created backing, use and coordination of literary proof, rationale and thinking. The conveyance ought to be spotless and clear, utilizing the best possible tone for a scholastic article. Tips: Avoid an excessive amount of synopsis: Write as if your peruser is now acquainted with the story. You must persuade the peruser ofa specific interpretation of the story. Some rundown is adequate, as long as it is given in an intentional way. Be certain, as well, to utilize rundown for setting the setting of specific sections, scenes, or activity. Utilize the content: It isn't sufficient to just express your interpretation of specific parts of the content, or on the content in general. Rather you should introduce contentions, and afterward utilize critical choices from the content to delineate your focuses. Talk about: Too regularly, understudies have magnificent thoughts concerning stories, however then neglect to finish on their thoughts. Be certain you unmistakably, completely, and deliberately examine your focuses. This incorporates elucidating your choices from the accounts in order to legitimately relate the material to your contention focuses, just as the general proposal. Make inferences: After youVe examined all the huge focuses, sections, and thoughts with respect to your proposition, be certain you work yourself to an end. Have the option to step once again from your perceptions and answer, So what does this mean? How is this huge? Negligible Requirements: MLA style group 1 edges 10-12 pt. textual style (clear textual style Times/New Roman, Courier, and so on twofold separated name, teacher, class, and date on left half of first pg title focused and twofold divided down last name pg # in upper right-hand corner (1/2 down) of ensuing pages MLA tyle documentation (incidental references w/exact reference data) Adherence to the task brief Original work (WARNING: literary theft will bring about a zero for the task and may moreover bring about disappointment of the course and further Student C ode of Conduct infringement charges) A suitable voice and tone comparative with the task, reason, and crowd Textual proof or backing, when proper (incorporates statements and summarizes with precise documentation) Adherence to length prerequisites (as specified)

9 Celebrity Authors Who Wowed at BookExpo and BookCon

9 Celebrity Authors Who Wowed at BookExpo and BookCon Once a year, book professionals and fans from around the country attend BookExpo and BookCon to celebrate their favorite authors and get a sneak peek at upcoming titles. And while big name authors like John Green, Tomi Adeyemi, and Cassandra Clare draw big audiences, attendees also flock to sessions featuring some of their favorite celebrities-turned-authors. This year’s BookExpo and BookCon lineup featured a wide array of celebrities, from actors to musicians to athletes and beyond. Check out some of the new and upcoming titles from celebrities who put on their author hats and took the stage at BookCon this year. Adam Rippon HI ???? I’m in NY for #BookCon19 and we should we hang tomorrow I’ll be doing a meet and greet at 10:15 and you can get tickets here https://t.co/S3mN39ojQA pic.twitter.com/bLWCWts08r Adam Rippon (@Adaripp) May 31, 2019 If you’re a fan of Olympic figure skating, you probably recognize bronze medal winner Adam Rippon. And even if you’re not an Olympics fan, between winning season 26 of Dancing with the Stars and making a splash on social media, you’ve probably seen him around. Rippon thrilled fans at BookCon while promoting his upcoming book, Beautiful on the Outside: A Memoir (October 15, Grand Central Publishing). His hilarious take on everything from growing up homeschooled to being America’s Sweetheart (self-proclaimed, of course) kept BookCon audiences laughing, and his memoir is sure to be just as enjoyable. Marcus Samuelsson #TBT to all the fun we had with @MarcusCooks at Harlem Eat Up! Didnt get a chance to attend and meet Marcus? No worries! Swing by our booth at @thebookcon this Saturday (June 1st) from 11am 12pm for your second chance. ?? https://t.co/NfH3WdQx7c pic.twitter.com/qcOKx5NZq1 Audible (@audible_com) May 30, 2019 World-class chef and cookbook author Marcus Samuelsson is a big name in the food world for his restaurants like Harlem’s Red Rooster. And if you’re a fan of foodie TV like Top Chef, Iron Chef America, and Chopped, you’ve probably seen him showing off his skills. Samuelsson’s 2012 memoir Yes, Chef gave fans insight into his culinary journey. At BookCon, he shared a preview of his new audiobook Our Harlem: Seven Days of Cooking, Music and Soul at the Red Rooster (June 27, Audible Studios). By following Samuelsson through a week at his award-winning restaurant, listeners will learn about the food, history, music, and people of an iconic New York neighborhood. Neil Patrick Harris So much fun chatting with @evachen212 and @ActuallyNPH at BookCon ?? (Also, in case you were wondering Neil is a Slytherin and Eva is a former Ravenclaw, current Gryffindor) pic.twitter.com/8jxADq4Q1j MJ Franklin (@heyitsfranklin2) June 1, 2019 Neil Patrick Harris has done it all. Between Doogie Howser, M.D.,  How I Met Your Mother, A Series of Unfortunate Events, and hosting numerous awards shows, just about everyone has seen him on the small screen. But beyond his TV and movie career, he’s also a stage performer, comedian, producer, singer, and magician. And in recent years, he’s also built quite a following for his writing. His 2014 book Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography played with form and got a lot of attention. Now, he’s focused on his bestselling middle grade series. Magic Misfits: The Minor Third (September 10, Little, Brown Books for Young Readers) returns young readers to the adventurous Magic Misfits world they already love. His panel with Instagram fashion director and author Eva Chen was packed with enthusiastic fans, ready to find out where their favorite characters are headed next. John Cena An awesome first day at @BookExpoAmerica. Conversation with the educators, library owners, and those who work with young readers all centered around a growth mindset. Excited to see everyone tomorrow to continue our discussion and meet more of you who play this important role. pic.twitter.com/jLrDHhJ7a9 John Cena (@JohnCena) May 31, 2019 Professional wrestler, actor, and rapper John Cena has dabbled successfully in a wide variety of entertainment categories. Now, he’s stepping into the literary ring with a series of children’s picture books. The first book in the series, Elbow Grease, introduced readers to a little monster truck with big guts. Now he’s back in Elbow Grease vs. Motozilla (October 8, Random House Books for Young Readers) to take on a monster machine with the help of his brothers. Cena fans filled seats at both BookExpo and BookCon to hear the wrestler offer a special reading and discuss his inspiration for the new book. Tegan and Sara Quin “If I could go back to high school, I wouldn’t change anything. I’d tell Sara, ‘It’s okay, I promise it’s going to be okay.’” @teganandsara @whembleysewell @them @thebookcon pic.twitter.com/4JwlISLyUq MCD ? FSG (@mcdbooks) June 1, 2019 Canadian indie pop duo Tegan and Sara have a huge fan following, and hits like “Closer” and “Everything is Awesome” are impossible to get out of your head. Now, they’re thrilling fans with a new coming-of-age memoir, High School (September 24, MCD). At BookCon, the twins sat down to discuss their high school years and the experience of writing a shared memoir. With stories of family conflict, identity, sexuality, and discovering their musical voice, High School will show a new side of the iconic musicians. Susan Rice . @AmbassadorRice, author of #ToughLove joins @SamanthaJPower, Senator Janet Howell and her daughter-in-law Theresa Howell in a panel discussion on how women are shaping politics today. @SimonBooks #BookExpo19 pic.twitter.com/qmB29iB1hD Simon Schuster (@simonschuster) May 31, 2019 Susan Rice is one of the most prolific public officials from the Obama administration, serving as a National Security Advisor and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. Many BookExpo attendees were excited to learn more about her experience in government and her upcoming memoir,  Tough Love: My Story of the Things Worth Fighting For (October 8, Simon Schuster). Rice’s intimate and honest book about her work in public service also gives an insider’s look at some of the most complex political issues of recent years. Alyssa Milano My partner in #HOPE. @debbierigaud gives me hope. ?? Thanks for all that came by #BookCon today. #BookExpo19 #BEA2019. pic.twitter.com/rBVPoy7pSW Alyssa Milano (@Alyssa_Milano) May 31, 2019 Actress and activist Alyssa Milano is known for everything from Charmed to bringing attention to the #MeToo movement. Now she’s jumping into the children’s book world with a new series about Hope, an 11-year-old who is determined to change the world. She visited BookCon to talk about Project Middle School (October 1, Scholastic Inc.), written with Debbie Rigaud and illustrator Eric S. Keyes. Middle school is hard, even for a passionate young activist. Milano’s new book was created to inspire youngsters to make a big difference, even when they feel small. Evangeline Lilly View this post on Instagram Small spaces help me focus. #TheDemiseOfSelmaTheSpoiled @bookcon @instagram ?? #readingnook #typewriter #books #writer A post shared by Evangeline Lilly (@evangelinelillyofficial) on Jun 1, 2019 at 2:30pm PDT Actress Evangeline Lilly has been charming viewers since Lost. More recently, she’s been winning hearts as the superhero Wasp in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Fans may be surprised to learn that Lilly began her career as a children’s book author in 2014. Her newest book in the Squickerwonkers series, The Demise of Lorna the Lazy (October 1, Quiet Cocoon) with illustrator Rodrigo Bastos Didier, drew the attention of many fans at BookCon. These dark, beautifully illustrated books are creepy, crawly, and delightful. Akilah Hughes Where’s my pen, bitch I’m signin’ #BookCon2019 pic.twitter.com/gjeyyN9eoj Akilah Hughes (@AkilahObviously) June 2, 2019 Comedian and social media celeb Akilah Hughes is hilarious and wonderful, so it’s no surprise that BookCon attendees rushed to hear about her upcoming essay collection. Hughes discussed her upcoming book Obviously: Stories from My Timeline (September 24, Razorbill) on panels and at autographing sessions, and fans can’t wait to get their hands on a copy. With stories of growing up in small town Kentucky, becoming a spelling bee champion, failed attempts at joining the cheerleading team, and pursuing her dream of becoming a performer, this essay collection is sure to have readers laughing out loud. Did you see your favorite authors at BookCon this year? Tell us about it in the comments! You might also enjoy: 15 Celebrity Book Clubs and Bookish Celebrities to Follow in 2019 Another Year, Another BookExpo 8 Celebrity Memoirs to Read this Fall

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay - 1060 Words

Jacksonian Democrats help create a more democratic America and because of this, believed themselves to be many things, real and fictional. In most cases they perceived themselves as defenders of equal economic opportunity, even though they sometimes put their own interests before those of the people. They also thought of themselves as guardians of political democracy, while at the same time using class differences to their advantage and emotionalized speeches, lacking real intellectual merit, to stir support. Jacksonian Democrats felt that they were the protectors of the Constitution and of individual liberties but many times they put their rivalry with the Northeastern industry and Whig politics before these things. While Jacksonians†¦show more content†¦The case Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge decided that a charter given a person or group to do a service does not allow that group to have complete rights over this service. This decision supports the Jacksonian De mocracy ideas that the rights of the community are more important than the rights of business (H). However, it is also important to know that Taney was elected by Jackson, and his decision, well supporting economic equality, also set a precedent for states intervention in commerce. The Jacksonian Democrats were very important in the revolutions in political democracy that took place during this period. During this period universal white male suffrage took place and was the first step towards the revolution of the common man in politics. Also, Jacksons acceptance and support of the two-party system helped create a more democratic America in which people with similar views could unite in their support of a singular candidate. Many working men of this time period had felt they had been taken advantage of and misrepresented by tyrannical aristocrats who treated them poorly (A). Jackson used this to his advantage with emotionalized speeches exploiting class differences. However, it should be said that during this time period the amount of voters increased dramatically which means that more Americans were involved in American politics (D). Jacksons use of the Kitchen Cabinet kept his knowledge of critics and the wants and needs of the people upShow MoreRelatedJacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesKathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian democracy of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expansion of the political influence, economic opportunities, and social equality available to â€Å"the common man,† a concept of the masses which President Andrew Jackson and his newly founded Democratic party came to represent. The new administration certainly saw gains for the majority; namely, public participation in government increased to unprecedentedRead MoreAnalysis Of The War Hero After The Battle Of New Orleans934 Words   |  4 Pages11 November 2015 APUSH DBQ: Jacksonian Democrats Andrew Jackson became known as the war hero after the Battle of New Orleans. His victory over the Indians in the battle helped his public recognition and increased his popularity in society. In the election of 1820, Andrew Jackson ran for presidency and won with flying colors. Jackson’s humble background gave him an edge over other candidates - he was the voice for the â€Å"common man† and endorsed the idea of national democracy. His years in office wasRead More AP HISTORY-Jacksonian Democracy Essay676 Words   |  3 PagesDBQ: Jacksonian Democracy Jacksonian democracy was created during the antebellum America. The Jackson democrats made an attempt to grant power to the lower classes while decreasing the influence of the rich and potent. The Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as saviors of the common people and ruled by the means of a powerful executive branch who attempted to destroy aristocracy in America. In reality, they were typically very wealthy, they disregarded the capability of the federal governmentRead MoreEssay on Democracy and Jacksonian Democrats817 Words   |  4 PagesJacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledge of the 1820s and 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves? Jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the documents and your knowledgeRead MoreDbq on Andrew Jackson Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ – Andrew Jackson Jacksonian Democrats believed that they were protecting individual liberty, political democracy, the equality of economic opportunity, and upholding the rights of the Constitution of the United States. In my opinion, the Jacksonians were, to some extent, guardians of the United States. However, the Jacksonians did have their flaws. When it came to protecting individual liberties, Jacksonians favored the white male population, but totally ignored others. They wanted toRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿DBQ QUESTIONS Writing the DBQ Civil War Assess the following quote: â€Å"Ultimately, the Civil War reduced sectional antagonism and made the United States truly ‘one nation.’† ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Constitution Using information from the evidence below as well as your knowledge of the period, discuss the development of the United States Constitution as aRead MoreThe Jacksonian Era Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesDBQ The Jacksonian Era is often described as a time when the United States experienced the â€Å"democratization of politics.† Is this accurate? How was democracy defined in this era? In a democracy each and every citizen of the state is supposed to have an equal say in the government. Today everyone has the opportunity to vote and has equal rights with no restrictions to American citizens. On the other hand back in the Jacksonian Era this was different. Before his time this wasn’t necessarily theRead MoreThe Age Of Jackson Was A Time Of Tremendous Reform With American Society And Politics1128 Words   |  5 PagesDaniil Stanisevschi Hour 1 12/04/14 Democratic Ideals DBQ Between the years 1825 and 1850, the US underwent a series of social and political reforms which attempted to democratize American life. The Age of Jackson was a time of tremendous reform with American society and politics. Andrew Jackson’s position as president lasted from 1829-1837, therefore the fact that many writers and historians have attached his name to the time period between 1820 and 1850 indicates the high importance of his spiritRead MoreApush Dbqs Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pages2011 DBQ: (Form A) 1. Analyze the international and domestic challenges the United States faced between 1968 and 1974, and evaluate how President Richard Nixon’s administration responded to them. (Form B) 1. Explain the ways that participation in political campaigns and elections in the United States changed between 1815 and 1840, and analyze forces and events that led to these changes. 2010 DBQ: (Form A) 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political

Evaluation Of The Year 4 Science Assessment Task - 1177 Words

From evaluation of the Year 4 Science Assessment Task: Animal Habitats, it is evident that validity, reliability, fairness, flexibility and authenticity play an integral role in the planning and assessment process. Therefore, analysis of the strengths and weakness presented within this particular Assessment Task provides a foundation for potential betterment of the teaching and learning experiences provided within the Year 4 Science Assessment Task: Animal Habitats. â€Å"Reliability of assessment refers †¦ [to] when an assessment provides an accurate and precise measurement of student learning [as] it will yield the same, consistent result regardless of when the assessment occurs or who does the marking† (Griffith University, 2016a, para. 1).†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the language used on the rubric is rather arbitrary as there is minimal distinction between the different achievement categories. For a reliable assessment task, it is imperative that the activities provided facilitate authentic teaching and learning opportunities, in turn increasing the validity, fairness and flexibility of the assessment. Therefore, this misalignment between the marking rubric, the task sheet and the assessment outline weakens the reliability of this Assessment Task. In order for an assessment task to be reliable, it is essential that the content provided and the construction of the assessment task is valid. â€Å"A valid assessment task is a measure of students learning† (Griffith University, 2016d, para. 5). There are numerous varieties of validity, including content validity. Content validity is the degree to which an assessment task encompasses all facets of the assessed content within a specific domain, the task weighting, and the expected levels of thinking. A lack of content validity is prominent throughout the Year 4 Science Assessment Task: Animal Habitats. In regards to content validity: breadth, a number of the content descriptors that have been used within this Assessment Task have been disregarded. For instance, the â€Å"living things have life cycles† (p. 2) content descriptor has not been addressed

John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev Free Essays

Following World War II, the world felt the intensifying of the Cold War. Although the primary players were the United States and Russia, countries around the globe sat on the edge of their seats, waiting for the tension to rupture and a third World War to erupt. Two leaders had the fate of the world in their hands, during this era of world history, Nikita Khrushchev and John F. We will write a custom essay sample on John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kennedy. This paper will begin by overviewing each of these powerful leaders. Following these overviews, the leadership styles will then be compared and contrasted. In so doing, a clearer understanding will be developed of how two very different leaders could so effectively lead the two most powerful nations, during one of the most intense times in world history. John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, leading the nation from 1961 until his assassination on November 22nd, 1963. He was the youngest person ever to have been elected as President, and the youngest President to die. He is often seen as an American martyr (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Kennedy is known for his strong domestic and foreign policies. Although most of his civil rights policies didn’t come into full fruition until his successor, Lyndon Johnson, came into office, due to his untimely death, Kennedy was an innovator both within and outside of America’s borders. He was a visionary that had a the dedication needed to bring these visions to life. His leadership skills would be honed when a young Kennedy was finally accepted into the U.S. Navy, in 1941, where he earned the rank of lieutenant and commanded a patrol torpedo boat, or PT boat (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). In 1943, Kennedy’s leadership skills would be demonstrated, 18 years prior to his holding office and leading a nation in a tumultuous time. Kennedy’s boat, the PT-109 was rammed while involved in a military raid near the Solomon Islands. Although Kennedy was thrown across the deck and injured his back, which had previously plagued him with problems, he was able to tow a wounded man three miles across the ocean to an island. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, with the following citation that sums up his exemplary leadership. â€Å"During the following 6 days, (Kennedy) succeeded in getting his crew ashore, and after swimming many hours attempting to secure aid and food, finally effected the rescue of the men. His courage, endurance and excellent leadership contributed to the saving of several lives and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service† (as cited in â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Following World War II, Kennedy began his career in politics. In 1946, Kennedy won the vacated seat of Representative James M. Curley, by a large margin. He was reelected to this position twice, but his voting record was often contradictory to President Harry Truman, as well as divergent from the Democratic Party as a whole (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). This voting record was a demonstrative example of a Kennedy who would go on to prove that he was a man unto himself, as a future President. In 1952, Kennedy moved his political career one step forward with the defeat of Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. for Senator of Massachusetts. His bid for the position of Vice President nomination at the Democratic National Convention, in 1956, although turned down, also bolstered his career. He also adroitly handled the Civil Rights Act of 1957 by voting for final passage, but also earlier had voted for the jury trial amendment which would have made the Act quite ineffective (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Nikita Khrushchev was born in the village of Kalinovja, in what is now known as Kursk Oblast of the Russian Federation. He was originally trained and worked as a pipe fitter for a variety of mines, but it was during World War I, that Khrushchev’s leadership would begin to emerge, as he began to be involved in trade union activities, following the Bolshevik revolution, in 1917. A year later, Krushchev became a Party member and held various management and Party positions in both Donbass and Kiev. In 1931, he transferred to Moscow, and four years later, he became 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. In 1938, he was given the position of 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukranian Communist Party. Krushchev continued to work his way up the Party ladder and was a member of the Politburo from 1939 (â€Å"Nikita Khrushchev†, 2005). During the Second World War, Khruschev served as a political officer, holding a rank similar to Lieutenant General, in the United States. He coordinated the defense of the Ukraine and then was the senior political officer in the South of the Soviet Union throughout the war. Stalin’s death in March of 1953 instigated a power struggle between several different factions within the Party. Khrushchev prevailed and became Party leader on September 7th, 1953 (â€Å"Nikita Khrushchev†, 2005). A Comparison of Kennedy Versus Khrushchev: Khrushchev was a powerful leader of Russia during a chaotic time. He immediately began to seek a course of reform, which was exemplified in his famous Secret Speech, that was given to the 20th Party Congress, in 1956. Khrushchev alienated himself from the more conservative members of his Party, speaking out against Stalin’s actions, especially those crimes committed during the Great Purges (Khrushchev, 1956). This is in direct comparison to Kennedy’s early leadership style. Kennedy too refused to simply do as the Democratic Party demanded. He often voted against Party lines, to the chagrin of traditional Liberals. Although both men would alienate themselves from some of their Party members, both would gain increased acceptance from more moderate Party members, and respect from many because of their willingness to do what they felt was right, not what was popular. Their dedication to their visionary leadership goals was a similarity, while their personal styles were in severe contrast. Khrushchev was often seen as uncivilized and boorish. He had a reputation for his significant temper and often resorted to interupting speakers to insult them. Khrushchev was known for pounding his fists on the table and shouting during a United Nations conference in 1960, and even taking off his shoe and pounding it violently on the table, when asked how he could oppose Western captilist imperialism given his actions to rapidly assimilate Eastern Europe (Khrushcheva, 2000). Whereas Kennedy grew up in a wealthy, refined family and would never have considered to resort to such measures to get his point across. Yet, both men were incredibly charismatic, able to eloquently express themselves and rally their citizens behind them in a call of patriotism. Although both men had significantly different styles, they were both able to manipulate the emotions of their citizens to secure their leadership position and accomplish tasks such as the development of space programs, that others afterwards were able to complete. Even today, Kennedy receives much of the credit for great steps that he only had a small part in, such as the Civil Rights Act, which was conceived by his brother Robert Kennedy, and implemented by Lyndon Johnson. Yet, because of their ability to lead, in a difficult time, both men will be remembered as powerful opposing leaders who had much in common. How to cite John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev, Essay examples

Career Paper Chef free essay sample

In this career field there are many different ways you can go because you have so many cultures that have different types of food for example Chinese, Japanese, Mexican, Italian, Indian, Mongolian, American, etc. There are many different types of chefs you have Executive, Sous, Pastry, Station, Saucier, Poissonier (Fish Chef), Entremetier (Vegetable Chef), Rotisseur (Meat Chef), Pantry, Line, Expediter. Here is a Description of all. Executive Chef (Chef de Cuisine): The executive chef is the boss of the kitchen. There is usually only one per restaurant (or chain), so the competition to get to the top of the field is fierce, and it can take years of formal training at a culinary school as well as decades of experience to land the job of your dream. As executive chef, you rarely worry about the details of food preparation, instead acting as the overseer, keeping the kitchen running smoothly and planning the menu with new dishes that you devise. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Paper Chef or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sous Chef: The sous chef is the right hand of the executive chef, and there can be more than one. These professionals do a lot more of the micromanaging in the kitchen, seeing to the details of each dish and working in the trenches to make sure everything is properly prepared. Pastry Chef (Patissier): In most cases, becoming a patissier requires a different type of culinary training, usually at a baking school or in a baking program rather than a straightforward culinary school. The bulk of this work is centered around pastries, breads, and desserts, and depending on where you work, you could become the equivalent of an executive chef. Station Chef (Chef de Partie): The station chef is usually in charge of just one part of the kitchen: for example, the soups, the salads, or the grill. They work under the sous chef or executive chef to make sure all food prepared and put out of their station is of the highest level for quality and appearance. Saucier: The saucier’s sole responsibility is to prepare the sauces. Although it might not sound like much, certain types of cuisine (particularly French) are all about the sauce. Fish Cook (Poissonier): The poissonier works with seafood, both in preparation and in cooking. Vegetable Cook (Entremetier): The entremetier can take on a variety of roles, depending on the type of cuisine. For the most part, he or she deals in soups, vegetables, potatoes and rice, and egg dishes Meat Cook (Rotisseur): The rotisseur is the mastermind of meat. From roasting and braising to broiling and grilling, the rotisseur does it all. In many cases, the tasks will overlap with those of the saucier, especially when it comes to gravies. Pantry Chef (Gard Manger): The pantry chef is in charge of all cold items, from salad and hors d’oevres to cold sauces and dressings. One big aspect of this job is making the food appear presentable. Line Cook (Commis): The line cook is typically an entry-level position in which you work alongside the rest of the kitchen doing what needs to be done. You may cut vegetables one day and plate dishes on another. It is a fast-paced position with plenty of room for upward mobility. Expediter: The expediter is the bridge between the kitchen and the wait staff. These individuals are the last line of food preparation before the plate reaches the table, and are responsible for delivering the plate either via their own hands or that of the waiter. This position is often taken over by the executive chef him or herself, especially when it’s vital to ensure that the dish is perfect before it goes out. No matter where you start out and what your specialty, there is a place for you in the culinary world. And with the right training and dedication, you could be just a few years away from an upper-level position where respect and better pay await your command. In West Virginia there are 12 job openings as a chef. In the United States there are 11,144 job openings as a chef. In the world there are 1524 job opening as a chef. Here are the estimated salaries for the different chefs $20,000, $40,000, $60,000, $80,000, $100,000. My second job choice if this one does not work out is to be a teacher’s aide. The only requirements for this job are taking a test from them, background check, and TB test. The advances in this field are for every 12 hours of college credit you have you get a pay raise.

African Imperialism Essays

African Imperialism Essays African Imperialism Essay African Imperialism Essay Prior to 1880, European rule in the African continent had mostly been restricted to the coast, extending a short distance inland along major rivers due to their economic interests being primarily limited to the slave trade. The start of the 1880’s saw massive increase of European nations seeking territory in Africa. Europeans seeking rights to land, resources, and trading routes in Africa had to compete with other nations, corporations, and African natives. In order to gain these rights from the native people, Europeans would make unfair treaties and contracts with African tribes that took advantage of their, land, resources, and people. The title of the source, â€Å"Controlling Africa-The Standard Treaty† implies that this contract was used as a standard operating procedure by the Royal Niger Company to control the land, resources, and people of African tribes. The language and formality of the document is very biased towards the Royal Niger Company and it mentions that the Royal Niger Company will pay native land owners for the land they require, so I would conclude that the Royal Niger Company was operated by Europeans. In return for ceding the power to mine, farm, and build on their land tribes received protection, payment to landowners, and a set payment to the Chiefs. Tribe leaders were probably not educated well enough to understand exactly what they were signing away in this contract and therefore likely did not receive any of these promises from the Royal Niger Company or were possibly lied to about the terms and conditions of the contract. European Imperialism occurred for many reasons, one being the desire for territories. The more territory you controlled the more power and prestige your country had. Exploration was another reason for European Imperialism. Wealthy sponsors who wanted details of markets, goods, and resources renewed interest in exploration by funding expeditions whose purpose was to create and report records of said details. Control of trade routes fueled the scramble for Africa and competition among European countries. Africa was a direct route to India which made the Europeans countries want African territory even more because of India’s silks and spices. The Suez Canal on the eastern coast of Egypt is the fastest route to India. The Suez Canal was very important to Britain. After capturing the Suez Canal from the French, guarding the canal became a critical part of Britain’s foreign policy. The British needed to drive out the threat of other Europeans in Africa to maintain control of India, and they did so efficiently. They quickly gained control of both the major sea routes to India and then focused on the rest of the continent. Whether the British were trying to further public support or prevent another nation from becoming a threat, all British actions in Africa were directly or indirectly linked to India. The British were motivated by their desire to become powerful, and they skillfully combined enterprise and conquest to create an empire centered on the wealth of India. The struggle of difference between the white Europeans and the native Africans was a major factor in the impact of imperialism on Africa. The European explorers â€Å"seldom had men of their own race with them, and they often found their African hosts strange and unpredictable, and feared their hostility. † 1 The Europeans felt like they had to gain control over the African people in order to maintain power. This sometimes had positive effects such as the introduction of modern transportation such as railroads. They also shared their knowledge of nutrition and medicine which increased the health and life span of the Africans. According to Chamberlain’s book, â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†, imperialism was good for Africa because it brought the African natives’ lives up to the standards of western civilization. 2 This is true in some aspects however, I believe the social relationships of the natives and their cultural traditions were negatively altered causing them to change their way of life solely because the European’s ethnocentric way of thinking. Their controlling of the indigenous people had many other negative impacts on Africa because of how the Europeans treated the Africans as inferiors and sometimes even harshly with no ethnic or cultural respect. Railroad companies and miners used local populations as a source of labor for dangerous jobs where the indigenous people worked in harsh conditions, sometimes risking their lives, for little pay. The scramble for Africa started in 1870 and by 1890 most of Africa was under European rule with only Ethiopia and Liberia remaining independent. European Imperialism most likely caused the tribal warfare that occurred later in Africa. The Standard Treaty of Controlling Africa reflects the imperialistic rush that occurred in the late 19th century. Europe wanted African land for power, wealth, and control. The Royal Niger Company was significant in that it helped Britain gain control of many African countries. The competition between European countries drove this scramble for Africa and affected the world for generations to come.

Labor vs Management Essays

Labor vs Management Essays Labor vs Management Essay Labor vs Management Essay To this day, there is still a fine sharp line drawn in the very dirt of the big, wide, expanse of the work field. You are either in management or, the common laborer who resides below the manager, working long shifts with little pay. Employers think managers, as representatives of business owners, should have all the power. They should be able to hire and fire workers at will, for any reason or no reason. They should pay only the wages dictated by supply and demand. They should et the hours, pace and conditions of work for maximum productivity. Laborers on the other hand believe that work isnt something to be purchased or sold off like cattle; they believe that their wages should be enough to allow them to be able to comfortably support themselves, regardless of the current economic conditions or production rates. There is certainly no doubt that if asked, anyone would choose to be on the management side of the work field. But without laborers, there would be no production, and no production is no business. So thats why I choose to focus on the laborers of the work field and find a happy medium between laborers and management. As a company expands and grows, so will its profits. But whether those profits are split in the right way was questionable. Owners, employers and managers often would get extremely large amounts of money from the incoming profits of the business while laborers were down below scraping up a meager pay and had to deal with longer hours and faster pace to keep with demand. John D Rockefeller is a great example of this, in his words l would rather earn 1% off of 100 peoples efforts than 100% of my own Rockefeller thought that management was supremely superior and that by being a laborer you essentially Just are working to put the real money right into his pocket and the laborers wages were the simple extra coin or dollar that gets thrown to the nearest poor soul on the side of the street. Like Rockefeller, employers selfish ways were what spurred Labor movements in the late 19th and early 20th century. In my opinion, the more profit a company makes the more they should make sure to invest back into their employees, A large company that makes a large profit should not pay its laborers minimum wage with no benefits. Companies should make sure to invest back into their employees, so that their employees feel that they are receiving a competitive wage and good working conditions. A competitive wage good working conditions and better benefits will provide higher productivity in the working environment, this benefits the company as ell, happy more productive laborers means higher productivity rate without error. Employers who pay their labors only minimum wage compete with other companies who pay more than minimum wage by offering great benefits such as full healthcare coverage for the laborer and their family, more sick and personal days, and coverage by the employers insurance policy. This way everything balances, employers dont have to pay high wages and laborers are getting what they are working for. Labor vs. Management By Antiquarians

Conscious (Mindful) Communication Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conscious (Mindful) Communication Day - Essay Example At times when I hang out with my friends, we find ourselves talking politics in our country. Definitely not all of my friends hold similar political ideologies as mine. So, we tend to differ in most cases and end up in unending argument, sometimes resulting even to insults. This happened one day when we were walking to the movie show. It later came to my conscience that I was doing the wrong thing; I changed the topic and ensured that I and my friends maintained the friendship. It felt good achieving my goal of maintaining unity though my friends never realized the reason behind the topic change. Some situations seem challenging and tricky to face especially when truth is unveiled. During my last holiday, I attended a wedding ceremony in which my uncle was the bridegroom. I had been advised by mom never to leave my younger sister Laura alone as mom too had to attend the occasion (Shafir, 2003). I became disobedient and left the 2 year old kid in our house. On coming back, I found almost all valuables were missing including mom’s laptop, television set and other households. I knew I would face the worst moment in my life. I had an idea to lie about gunpoint robbery of the house but conscience kept refraining me from telling lies. I told my mom what actually happened. Laura was well, she warned me never to disobey her to that extent. She felt disappointed, and praised my innocence in telling the truth. Another aspect of mindful communication derived from this context is never to speak with an aim of pleasing other people but say what you feel is truth and just, what you feel you can say

Cultural Construction of Violence Research Paper

Cultural Construction of Violence - Research Paper Example For long, people have only considered violence as a trait that a person is born with; that one is either born violent or not. This, to many, implies that the proclivity of a person to engage in violent activities is long found in people’s genetics and there is less that can be done to completely eradicate it. This may seem to have some sense of truth in it as there have been cases where a young person may come out to be violent throughout his life. This is often seen with the kind of tenderness that he treats other people with including animals. However, if violence is a trait that one is born with, how can peer-inflicted violence be explained? Though the genetic makeup may have a significant effect on the behavior of a person, there are many questions concerning human violence that can still not be answered only by genetics. Moreover, violence also takes many forms and in different contexts. This implies that the definition of violence varies from one physical location to the other and can never be generalized. This having been taken into account, it is therefore true to say that the interpretations and meanings accorded to violence across societies, cultures and communities have significant effect on the trends of violence recorded in the areas. ... Violence is therefore not only genetically motivated but also structurally formed. The human genetics also have significant on the character and actions of people but violence can as well be culturally constructed. For instance, in intertribal wars undoubtedly involving extreme forms of violence as is the case of the Thull, a Kohistan community, living in the mountain slopes near the borders of Pakistan and Afghanistan, are culturally constructed. Here, the people find pride in engaging in cultural raids and retaliatory attacks that usually involve various forms of violence. This cannot only be explained using genetics as genetics do not provide room for generalization explanation of the acts of violence, more so involving large numbers of people. This makes cultural construction of violence be regarded as a serious form of creation of violent behavior among people. The research focused on the Thull, a Kohistan community. The Kohistanis rely majorly on transhumant pastoralism that in volves keeping goats and sheep. However, they also grow crops in their fertile fields as I found out. The people of Thull have undergone a great religious transformation. This is evident from their transformation from Buddhism, Hinduism and presently Muslims. This has also seen the absorption of other Pakistan members to their culture. However, their cultural effects and implications have mostly originated from the Pakhtum. The Kohistan area is geographically large and has thus been affected by political fragmentation and cultural diversities. Within the Thull Kohistan villages, there are also smaller lineages, of which each produce a representation to the

The Introduction To Cyber Bullying Media Essay

The Introduction To Cyber Bullying Media Essay Young people today are using the internet more than ever. They view the internet and even more so the mobile phones as positive aspects of our society. The internet and mobile phones systems are the two biggest systems of communication which play a crucial role in our daily activities and development of identities. On the other hand, these same technologies are also often used negatively. Many children are the targets of bullying via the internet or mobile phones resulting in total confusion on the part of the target. Very often, children are not able to understand that what they are going through is a form of bullying. As a result the previously safe environment of the internet is now becoming a source of confusion and anxiety. As a teenager myself, I am not immune to factors that influence everybody else in our society. I am very concerned about what is happening so I therefore wanted to look into the reasons behind cyber-bullying and who should be blamed for it. Is there any way for cyber-bullying to be stopped? The internet holds many dangers such as viruses and programming faults that could be dangerous for people but also two of the most menacing problems for young people today; child pornography and cyber-bullying. I decided to focus on the issue that tends to influence a large portion of teenagers and not solely, cyber-bullying. It seems that, now, in 2010 cyber-bullying is increasing dramatically as more and more children are becoming victims of this type of bullying, though not only children. I will research this problem in detail as it is saddening me that a system that makes information flow and communication easy, is turning into a dangerous place to be. I cant understand why such a useful system is used in so negative a way where one can cause psychological harm to others. Although cyberbullying does not pertain to the USA alone, I chose to focus on the USA is because it seems to have more documented incidents which apparently make it one of the countries with a higher percentage of cyber-bullies and victims of cyber-bullying. In fact, there has been a number of shocking incidents that caught my attention, some of which I will report in the main body. There are many countries that do deal with cyber-bullying but not to the point that the USA does. I strongly believe that if cyber-bullying reaches an end one day it will certainly start from the U.S.A. I deem that the USA covers all aspects that I am looking into so this is the reason why I chose it. In recent years many US states have started to impose laws specifically regarding cyber-bullying. Some other states support that laws imposed for traditional bullying also cover cyber-bullying. The internet provides anonymity and the chance to create a profile with a hidden identity; so how possible is it for cyber-bullying to be stopped? The truth is that this question cannot be answered easily as it is not something so simple. Being already concerned about it and seeing that more and more cyber-bullies are getting away with it, I will attempt to investigate how possible can this be. The research question which I will develop is the following: Can cyber-bullying and bullying through the internet and mobile phone systems stop? In this essay, I will look into cyber-bullying by defining what it is, report incidents and show statistics of how bad the situation in the U.S.A. is. I will also examine if blame can be attributed. Through my research I hope to reach a conclusion on whether there is a chance for cyber-bullying to be stopped. What is Cyber-Bullying Cyber-bullying has more than one definition, cyber-bullying can be defined as when the Internet, cell phones or other devices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person  [1]  or as a situation when a child or teen is repeatedly tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child or teenager using text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging or any other type of digital technology.  [2]  The last definition I gave refers only to teens or children because bullying through the internet or cell-phones from adults to adults can be referred to as cyber-stalking which due to word limitation I will not go into. A cyber-bullying situation can be as simple as sending e-mails to someone that wants no further contact with you but it can also be very serious when it includes threats or sexual bullying or when a forum is created and that person is ridiculed. Cyber-bullies may post personal data of their victims at websites or forums or even pretend to be someone else in order to publish different material to the victims name that diminishes or humiliates him. The biggest percentage of the bullies use pretty much the same tactic as they send threatening messages to their victim or call them mean names. Who is a Cyber-Bully A cyber-bully is generally more of a product of his environment in which he too is abused in many ways, verbally or physically or he might even be cyber-bullied. Perhaps however, they are simple bored or completely rotten to make everyone elses life messy. Many times cyber-bullies work in groups because in that way they feel stronger but they inwardly, sometimes, do not enjoy their actions. Their main problem is that they cannot move away from their team because they feel unsafe and they have the fear that they will get cyber-bullied themselves. As it is identified by researchers, tormentors are sometimes likely to be more depressed than their victims. What should be worrying us is that cyber-bullies get a false feeling of satisfaction when they send threatening and flame e-mails to their victims because that means that they amuse themselves. The number one objective of cyber-bullies but also traditional bullies is to have power. They want to have the control of each situation. They want to be dominators and subjugate everyone. Effects of Cyber-Bullying In my mind, cyber-bullying shows the ugly face of the internet. Victims of cyber-bullying can become depressed and in extreme cases even commit suicide. We can therefore understand that the internet is dangerous and unknown to most people, capable of hurting them if they are not aware of the internet as a whole. Cyber-bullying has several negative effects on individuals or groups of people. Usually, it starts with a confused feeling on the part of the victim, feeling hurt because a person or a group of people has targeted them and insulted them for no other reason than simply to be mean. Most would ask why they are the target but perhaps even cyber-bullies do not know why. They gradually get feelings of fear or of loneliness, fear of leaving their home or fear of going to school. If the victim is being bullied continuously, his grades may drop or even show symptoms of paranoia that would make it difficult for him to communicate with people of his age or make new friends. Depression can be one of the symptoms of cyber-bullying, and I am calling them symptoms because it seems that cyber-bullying is now a disease for our society. A feeling of helplessness occurs as the victim does not know where to turn to for help. It is of course true that in serious cases of constant bullying, suicide may be part of the story. Cyber-bullying should be stopped but the question still exists, can it be stopped? Proper individual reaction I believe that the reason why the U.S.A. is more concerned about cyber-bullying is the big amount of their population that is affected and the relatively big number of incidents reported that has prompted them to impose laws against it. What should the average person suggest? Ignore the bully, do not take him seriously, not answer to him and if he is at your school just ignore him once more. It is suggested that you report it to your counselor or your parents so they get the chance to help you. It is possible that cyber-bullies will be discouraged if you do not answer to them and they will move on to their next victim. Nevertheless, these suggestions would only help an individual to be saved from cyber-bullying. Furthermore, cyber-bullying will not stop but it is a good start for individuals to save themselves from resulting victims. Significance of Cyber-Bullying How real is the threat of cyber-bullying? Is it such a big issue? Opinions seem to vary. Adults mostly support the opinion that cyber-bullying, along with regular bullying, is responsible for many of the social, anxiety and depression problems kids live with since this situation mostly influences them. On the other hand, many teenagers do not agree with this claim, they support the idea that cyber-bullying is not such a problem because nothing is real on the internet and things said or done should not be taken into consideration so much. In my mind, we, teens, understand better the evolution of technology than adults and so we are not tricked by the media as their role is always to report every situation in its most dramatic way but that cannot explain the rising number of suicides among young people. I believe that anyone who claims being bullied knows nearly nothing about how to protect themselves in the digital world, even when it comes to simple computer problems. It is true that the internet does not show its real face immediately and cyber-bullying is not the only internet issue that should be worrying us. Internet is full of dark pits, full of lies that could trick anyone into confusion. My opinion is that cyber-bullying is a very big issue that is shocking our society every day but I also believe and agree that cyber-bullying is not the last thing that we should consider as a problem. People need to be educated on how to be immune to internet dangers and of how to avoid being mocked or cheated through the internet. Proof of the significance An example of a severe case of cyber-bullying took place in 2008, it shocked most people in the U.S.A. into understanding what cyber-bullying is when Megan Meier, a 13-year old girl from Missouri, committed suicide in her room. Investigators found that Megans death was the result of constant stress caused by relentless and cruel cyber-bullying. A group of people that lived in Megans neighborhood, including adults such as Lori Drews, the father of a friend of Megans who she had a fight with, and an 18-year old officer who worked for M. Drews, pretended to be a new boy in the area where Megan lived and developed a relationship with her through Myspace (a social networking site). The group had created a hoax in order to make Megan believe that she had a growing relationship with the boy. When the hoax was revealed, Megan did not have enough mental strength to deal with the humiliation of being mocked and she decided to take her life. Back then, Missouri did not have any laws against cyb er-bullying so they were not able to prosecute any of the members of the group.  [3]  Having taken this incident into consideration, Missouri has now imposed laws against cyber-bullying which I will report on next in my extended essay. Another suicide took place in Massachusetts. Phoebe Prince was a 15-year old Irish immigrant who was harassed both at school, web sites and over her cell phone. For fear of losing her few friends, she refused to change her Facebook settings or cell number. Unfortunately, the idea of her being a loser led her to kill herself.  [4]   The statistics are as shocking as the incidents. A Cyber-bullying research survey in 2008 of 2.000 middle-school students shows that around 43% of them have been victims of situations that can be defined as cyber-bullying: > Receiving an instant message that made them upset (15.8%) Having something posted on their MySpace that made them upset (14.1%). Even more alarming, a Survey of AM/MTV in September 2009 of 1,247 young people, aged 14-24, found that: 50% of youngsters in this age group have experienced digitally abusive behavior, with older teens aged 18-24 (52% vs. 47%) and females more likely to be targeted (53% vs. 42%) 45% of young people report that they see people being mean to each other on social networking sites.  [5]   The relation ship with traditional bullying There is a phrase that says: Sticks and stones can break your bones but names will never hurt you Personally, I cannot agree with that claim. Although cyber-bullying is less physical than traditional forms of bullying, it has very destructive and longer-lasting effects on individuals. It is very easy to access a computer and ruin someones mental state. Something that people ignore is that online everyone can be a bully, even a small, physically weak child that was a victim of traditional bullying. However the difference being that someone is now in the position to cause even greater damage than a big brute can cause. As British bullying victim, Emily Moor said, The internet is a sinister, silent enemy: you simply dont know where to start to tackle the problem. But faceless as a computer may be, it is every bit as threatening as a physical bully, if not more so because the audience reading these horrible messages can be enormous.  [6]  It is true that if you are bullied at school then you can just go home and end it, if you are cyber-bullied you have nowhere to go. Laws against Cyber-Bullying It is now well known that with the existence of fake profiles or profiles with hidden identities, the guilty party is hard to be traced. Lawmakers are seeking to pass new legislations on cyber-bullying because it seems that there are currently no specific laws on the books that deal directly with it. They want to address cyber-bullying with laws that would call the action of intimidation, bullying or any other actions that cause severe emotional distress illegal. Nevertheless, I was not able to find lots of information on laws against hidden identity or fake profiles but only from states like Texas and Georgia which have passed laws that deal directly against posing as someone else on the internet. What is important is that people who post fake profiles in social network sites could be charged for their unsocial behaviour.  [7]   In a respected number of U.S. states including New York, Missouri, Rhode Island and Maryland, legislation geared at penalizing cyber-bullying and digital bullying has been introduced. In 2007, at least seven states passed specific laws against bullying through the internet. For example, Dardenne Prairie of Springfield, Missouri passed a city law making online bullying a misdemeanor. Another city of Missouri, the city of St. Charles has passed a similar law. Furthermore, in Jefferson City of Missouri, state lawmakers gave final approval to a bill making cyber-bullying illegal in 2008.  [8]  It is believed by supporters that this bill will cover bullying from computers, text messages and other electronic devices. In August 2008, the California state legislature passed the first law to deal directly with cyber-bullying. The legislation was named Assembly Bill 86 2008 and the idea was that it would add provisions related to bullying committed through an electronic communication device or system and a definition of electronic communication was added for this purpose to the School/Law Enforcement Partnership program. Eventually, this law took place at January 1 of 2009. Even if it is due to the following changed that many schools are now able to confront cyberbullying, I will keep the following information in the Laws against Cyber-Bullying section. In Arkansas in 2007, they passed a law that would allow school officials to deal with cyber bullies even if a persons bullying did not take place or start on school property. After the law was imposed, the result was that school administrators gained more freedom to punish individuals that were the bullies. In Iowa, several laws have been passed that forced schools to adopt anti-cyber bullying policies which cover bullying in the school or in school property or generally at a school function or activity sponsored by the school. In New Jersey the Garden State has always maintained tough legislation against bullying, but until 2007 there werent any laws enforced which included cyber-bullying. Once again, the law gives the power to the school staff to punish people related with bullying against their fellow students. In Idaho, in 2006, its lawmakers passed a law that allowed staff of the school, especially officials, to suspend students that were using a computer or another electronic device to harass specific students. At Oregon state, they decided to look in detail at cyber-bullying and broadened its definition. Recently, the governor of Rhode Island tried to pass a bill which would take cyber-bullying offenders to court with the charge of being illegal against the states laws. Vermont, had already very strict laws against bullying and cyber-bullying but its lawmakers recently added a fine of 500 dollars for those who where offensive to other people on the internet. Vermont is considered as one of the states with the strictest legislation against this type of bullying.  [9]   School action It is important to mention that many schools are adopting policies to address cyber-bullying and that is something really important. Since cyber-bullying is mostly a problem because of the existence of the internet, many schools reduced their internet sites range so as to protect children from entering sites that could lead them to becoming the victim of a cyber-bully. Also, many schools have passed anti-bullying rules and policies which address cyber-bullying. They closely monitor students use of computers at school and have bought tracking software but without relying solely on it in order to screen out problematic online behaviors and bullying. Many educators try to educate students, teachers and different staff members about the dangers of cyber-bullying and about what should be done in order to avoid it Who should be blamed? Despite attempts at changing laws and policies and trying to implement them, what is worrying, is the fact that no law can really stop cyber-bullying while communication through the internet or cell phones provides anonymity, many fake profiles are created in order to tease or bully people in social sites like Facebook and Myspace. Really, is there anybody we can accuse or blame for this mess? Is there any way to identify the extinction of a fake profile? Our society promotes violence and that does not help to overcome this problem. Video games, television and all mass media mostly project violent incidents. Because of this children and teens become familiar with the idea of violence and they think of it as the normal. Parents on the whole are not familiar with the idea of cyber-bullying and they are not able to protect their children from being cyber-bullied. It is not really their fault as technology is developing very fast and many of them cannot keep up with it. Teens do not usua lly talk to their parents about their problems and that makes it very difficult for the parents to help their children. Many schools make the mistake of not informing students enough about it or showing them how to protect themselves. Children should have some knowledge about cyber-bullying so as to get through it without any wounds. I believe that the society as a whole is the only that can be blamed for this issue. Conclusion In conclusion although the internet and mobile phones communication systems make our lives easier and play a very important role in our activities, it is unfortunate that they have been poisoned and destroyed by being used to abuse others. The positive aspects of the internet and mobile phones cannot be questioned or enumerated however what I am mostly certain of is that the negative aspects are just as great in number and in seriousness. As a Kevin Brennan said: Cyberbullying is the unacceptable face of new technology, and we need concerted action across society to address it. Schools must play a key role, and this new guidance will help them to identify and tackle instances of cyberbullying more effectively, as well as providing practical advice and information on how to prevent it.  [10]   Cyber-bullying is on the rise and it affects almost anyone that possesses and uses a computer or a cell-phone but the idea of stopping or obstructing cyber-bullying seems to be very far. Cyber-bullying exists in schools, out of schools and everywhere and since parents are not totally controlling their childs actions in and out of school, it is very hard to follow the plans of bullies. While school violence as a whole is declining, bullying behaviors have increased by 5%.Furthermore, the last months of 2010; there were multiple suicide deaths as a result of cyber-bullying.  [11]  There are lots of reasons that could lead a person to bully another and there are even more sources of traps that could lead the bullied person to remain silent and contribute in this way to the growing problem. After much research, I no longer wonder if this whole situation could be stopped but whether it can at least decrease. It seems that there is no way for it to be stopped since most states of the U.S.A. do not have any legislations that deal directly with cyber-bullying. Even where legislation does exist it does not have the power to reduce cyber-bullying to any great amount because of the anonymity or the hidden identity that the internet provides. This could even be a great research question for another extended essay. Should the internet provide anonymity and the choice to retain your identity hidden? Existing legislation in states of the U.S. which I have mentioned have only worked in very few situations where the bully has not hidden his identity. What could make us think that legislation could stop anonymous bullies? What will always be needed to overcome such a situation is the support of adults towards children and young people that have fallen victims to the dark pits of the internet. Parents especially must not forget that. Since bullying through internet and mobile phones cannot really be stopped then the next best way to deal with it, is to make children immune to it. Children should be taught to avoid it and go on with their lives. They should be taught how to prevent bullies from using them as victims. Parents should help them build a strong personality.

Nonverbal Communication Essay

Abstract The goal of this study was to find out if teachers were teaching nonverbal communication in their classroom, and also if it was important to teach nonverbal communication in the classroom. Teachers have a variety of teaching styles, and techniques. Some teachers using nonverbals and some do not. However, sometimes class size, classification levels, and gender can cause teachers to either use nonverbal communication or not. The participants of this study were asked whether or not their teacher use different types of nonverbal communication in the classroom setting. The study found that students said most teachers in their classes use nonverbal communication to teach. This study also provides support of the importance nonverbal communication has when teaching. Nonverbal communication in the classroom: A research about the importance of teaching nonverbal communication Communication in general is the process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication is composed of two dimensions, which are verbal and nonverbal. Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication, but just without any words. Communicating is not something we can just do without, nonverbal communication especially considering it can never be shut off, unlike verbal communication we are always communicating nonverbally. One cannot not communicate. Nonverbal communication is always around you and impossible to ignore. Research, in many studies, has indicated that nonverbal communication can serve a wide range of functions in human interaction. Nonverbal communication is an essential part of every day life. No matter if at work, school, or even at home, nonverbal communication plays a huge role in life. As Blatner (2002) says, â€Å"Often people cannot understand the impact of nonverbal communications involved in a situation unless it is replayed and figured out† (pg.3). Teachers need to be practicing and teaching nonverbal communication in the classroom everyday, and that by doing so students will become much better communicators. Nonverbal communication strategies are important to the development of an effective educational system. Nonverbal communication should be practiced in more classes than just communication classes, because no matter what major of study you are in communication is always going to be an essential thing to know. Many social scientists have conducted research in the field of nonverbal communication as it affects students and educators. Ritchie (1977) found that seven percent of communication is nonverbal. Voice inflection accounts for 38% of the message, and facial expression, including â€Å"body language,† communicates 55% of the message. Speer (1972) states that because 90% of the total impact of a message can come from nonverbal elements, sharpening nonverbal communication skills cannot help but make a person a better communicator. So why are not all teachers using this method of teaching in the classroom setting? That is one of the questions I would like to answer in my research. This paper will work to determine if nonverbal communication is essential to be taught in the classroom and the importance of the teaching of nonverbal communication. Literature Review Research has been investigated, by many different scholarly researchers, about nonverbal communication and the importance of why it should be taught to students in their learning career. Nonverbal communication can be defined as signing, symbols, colors, gestures, rhythms, and much more. Those are just a few examples that will be discussed (Ritchie 1977). Speer (1972) believes that it is important to know all the different ways to communicate nonverbally and explains all of those ways in the book. Speer (1972) also emphasizes on the fact that in order to communicate, you must first know what nonverbal communication actually is. Pilner, Alloway, & Krames (1974) however compare how humans and animals communicate differently nonverbally and the importance of knowing the different ways, and they also point out how humans and animals can communicate very similarly nonverbally as well. Ethology is the way of studying behavior amongst people. Weitz (1974) refers to ethology as a way to cond uct research, knowing how to study different peoples behavior is essential to know before observing how people act. Visual interactions are also ways of studying nonverbal communication in the classroom, according to Weitz (1974). According to Molcho (1985), nonverbal communication is critical in the classroom setting, especially in interpersonal communication. The most credible messages teachers generate are said to be nonverbal. Duggan (2012) discusses all of the different nonverbal cues and why they are important. For example, he states the importance of facial expressions, gestures, and appearance. Along the same lines Carli (1995), Mayo &Henley (1981) and Thompson (2012) have different articles about differences between men and women and the different thoughts they have on nonverbal communication. He also discusses different research scenarios in which research has been conducted to prove the importance of nonverbal communication, and why men and women communicate differently sometimes. Area of Study Nonverbal communication plays a huge role in the classroom, and how teachers should be using nonverbal communication. (Pliner 1974) This paper is a research intended to help understand why nonverbal communication is so important in teaching, and what those importance’s are. Teachers should be using nonverbal communication everyday, in every course no matter what the major of study is. I want to research to see if teachers are using nonverbal communication skills in the classroom environment, and if so how they are using them. My hypothesis is that yes I believe teachers are using nonverbal communication as a way of teaching in their classroom. If the answer is no however, I will research why teachers are not using nonverbal communication in their every day teaching techniques, and if there are reasons behind why they are not using it. I will conduct surveys in class to see if students believe teachers are teaching enough about nonverbal communication, and if they believe it is important to be learning about. I would ask, does nonverbal communication play a role in the classroom? For instance, is nonverbal communication important in the classroom setting, whether it be how the teacher dresses, lectures, stands, etc. I also want to find out if teachers are teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students. Are students gaining enough knowledge about nonverbal communication while in the classroom setting? Also, I would like to find out, what is the importance of nonverbal communication. Why should we study this and why do we need to learn this study for our whole careers. Finally, what would a classroom setting be like with zero nonverbal communication? This consists of no eye contact, appearance codes, gesture, or any other kind of nonverbal communication behavior. The following research questions and hypotheses guide the current study: H1: Students believe teachers are using nonverbal communication to communicate with them on a daily basis. H2: There is no difference between what males believe teachers use in the classroom and what females believe. H3: All ages believe the same thing when it comes to how often their teachers communicate nonverbally and how they are communicating this way. RQ1: Does nonverbal communication play a role in the classroom? RQ2: Are teachers teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students? Methodology Instrument I used the convenience type sampling method. (see appendix A) This is a nonrandom type sampling; in which I used volunteers in my class to take my survey. The survey contained nine questions. Participants were asked nine questions about how their teachers use different nonverbal communication skills to communicate with them. The students were asked to mark yes or no depending on if the teacher used those certain styles of nonverbals while teaching, Students were also asked some demographic questions: sex, classification, and age. I used evidence by Wilmont (1995), about research of nonverbal communication to come up with my research questions. I developed my questions very carefully before choosing what the right questions were to ask. I thought about questions that could be useful to my research and that would help me develop the results I needed in order to prove or disprove my topic. I choose questions that wouldn’t be offensive to anyone, so that everyone could participate . I was trying to find out the significance of nonverbal communication being used and taught in the classroom setting. Participants I had twenty-five students in my research communication class participate in my survey. There were fourteen males and eleven females who participated, however gender doesn’t have much of an affect on my research. The ages for my survey ranged from nineteen to twenty-three years old. All of the students who took my survey were in some kind of communication field. I conducted my survey and distributed it during our class hour, along with everyone else. I distributed my surveys on Thursday October 18th, 2012. I distributed my survey to each member in the class in a row order. I simply passed my survey out row by row to each class member, and when everyone received my survey they began taking it. When the class was done taking my survey they proceeded to the front of the classroom and put my surveys in a pile for me to pick up. I then took a look at all of my results later that night. I made an excel document and went through each individual paper and recorded my results in to excel. I recorded the number of females and males, class rank, and also the answers to my yes and no questions. Results The first hypothesis was concerned with if students believed teachers were using nonverbal communication with them to teach on a daily basis. The hypothesis inferred that students did believe teachers were using nonverbal communication on a daily basis to communicate with them. . This hypothesis was supported. All students answered yes to at least some type of nonverbal communication. The second hypothesis looked at the sex of the students. This hypothesis inferred that the sex of the student was not significant for this survey. This hypothesis was supported. Sex was not significant in the research. Males and females answered mostly the same for every question in the survey. The third hypothesis looked at age of the students. This hypothesis stated that age was not significant in the survey. This hypothesis was supported. After recording all the results, age was not a factor. All of the students came up with mostly the same answers no matter their age. Research question one asked if nonverbal communication played a role in the classroom setting. From my survey, students believed that yes, nonverbal communication does in fact play a role in the classroom, and the survey also showed that numerous amounts of different types of nonverbal communication are being used every day in the classroom setting. Research question number two asked, are teachers teaching enough about nonverbal communication to their students? The question was answered yes by every single student. Students believe that yes there is enough nonverbal communication being taught in the classroom. Discussion The goal of this study was to see if nonverbal communication was being taught in the classroom and if it was important to be taught. Teachers have many different ways of teaching, and many different techniques but the overall outcome was that yes, nonverbal communication is very important in the classroom and that many teachers do use nonverbal communication on a daily basis to teach. Class size, gender, and classification did not really matter in this study. Previous research has also found that nonverbal communication is a very important factor in teaching as well. My study supported previous research, and agreed that nonverbal communication is being taught in the classrooms, and it is important for teachers to teach and use nonverbal communication. Another interesting find was that gender did not play a big part in the overall outcomes. I figured since females tend to notice things more, like proximity, gestures, posture, etc., that females would answer a lot differently than males but that was not true in this case. All students believed pretty much the same things. I was not surprised that students believed nonverbal communication was important because I agree, it is.   After conducting my survey I learned a lot of things from classmates. Some of the things I discovered were, body posture is a very important nonverbal in the classroom. Body posture can tell when students understand the content presented or when they have trouble grasping the major concepts. A student who is slouching in his seat sends a very different message than the student who learns forward or sits erect. I also learned that eye contact plays a very important role in teaching. Teachers often use eye contact in the classroom to decide who is prepared to answer a question, or who has completed a homework assignment. If a student does not want to be called on they will try and have no eye contact with the teacher, and that indicates to the teacher they do not know the answer or wish to not speak. Students also responded that distance is used on a daily basis in the classroom. The teachers are supposed to stand in the front, and the students sit in desks in the middle and back. I also discovered that students would interact more comfortably with a teacher when they are in same vertical plane. Dress being a form of nonverbal communication, I discovered plays a role in every classroom. Teachers dress appropriately for class everyday, as in dress pants, dresses, nice shirts, etc. Effective teaching depends on successful communication. By definition of non-verbal communication without uttering a single word, teachers and students constantly send messages to each other (Thompson, 2012). Limits and Future Study Although my study found a lot of reliable information, there were some limitations. When conducting my survey, although it turned out very helpful, I would have changed the questions and been a little more descriptive with them. For example, I would have not only asked if the certain nonverbals were used in the classroom, I would have also asked when and how these forms of communication were used. Another limitation was class classification. There were a wide variety of grade levels that took my survey, and all teachers in every grade level have a different way of teaching, so I would have tried to get maybe all Juniors or all Seniors to take my survey. I would have tried to have all people who take the same classes with the same teachers to take the survey. Future researchers could look more in to how students use nonverbal [communication to communicate rather than just teachers. I think students use just as much nonverbal communication as teachers do and that would be an interesting research to conduct also. This research was conducted to show the importance of nonverbal communication while teaching in the classroom. Nonverbal communication plays an essential role in the classroom so I believe more studies should be done concerning nonverbal communication. References Carli, L. (1995). Nonverbal behavior, gender, and influence. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 68(6), 1030-1041. Duggan, T. (2012). Nonverbal cues between men and women in the workplace. Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/nonverbal-cues-men-women-workplace- 11424.html. Key, Mary Ritchie. (1977) Nonverbal communication: a research guide & bibliography. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press Mayo, C., & Henley, N. (1981). Gender and nonverbal behavior. New York : Springer-Verlag. Molcho, S. (1985). Body speech. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Pliner, P., Alloway, T.,Krames, L. (1974). Nonverbal communication: Advances in the study of communication and affect. New York: Plenum Press. Speer, D. C. (1972). NonVerbal Communication. Beverly Hills, Sage Publications. Thompson, J. (2012). The science and fun of nonverbal communication [Electronic Version]. Are man and woman equals in nonverbal communication? Weitz, S. (1974) Nonverbal communication: Readings with commentary. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilmont, W. (1995). Relational Communication. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Environmental Impacts of the Global Increase in Demand for Oil Essay

To what extent are the environmental impacts of the global increase in demand for oil acceptable? [15 marks] After the industrial revolution, the demand for oil has been increasing globally. Over 100 million tonnes of oil are transported around the world on average a day. There are countries like the US which consume almost one quarter of global oil output, which must be supplied from oil reserves, usually from countries like Saudi Arabia (Guinness, 2011, p. 245). This shows that the topic of oil consumption is a global issue as all countries need oil to develop and provide for their populations. The issue with this large consumption of oil is the fact that oil is a non-renewable source of energy and therefore has a limit. Oil is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals in underground rock which is found in marine areas and therefore requires technology such as pipelines and drilling machines to extract the oil. The implications of this has caused serious environmental consequences which questions whether extracting oil to supply the demands of the world’s population should be permitted when the environment has to pay the cost, examples being oil leaks into the sea and the effects of that. With a growing global population, energy companies are trying to find sources of energy and are therefore trying to construct pathways and routes to constantly feed people’s needs and demands. This has lead to companies searching and drilling for oil in fragile environments, such as the Alaska pipeline which crosses 3 mountain ranges. The reason why companies are looking into areas full of permafrost is because global warming is causing the ice in the Arctic Circle to melt and oil rich sea beads are now being uncovered. The implementation of the Alaska pipeline has not caused any major environmental problems as many obstacles had been avoided when constructing this project, such as raising the pipeline on stilts so that that the heated oil would not cause the ice to melt. However, the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, which occurred in 1989 did take place and still affects the environment, animal species and humans to this day. The oil tanker named Exxon Valdez was carrying 1.2 million barrels of oil when it ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, spilling 240 000 barrels. The oil slick eventually covered 25 000 km2 coastal and off-shore waters and 1700km of coastline (RGS Worcester, n.d., para. 2). A major oil spill like this has resulted in devastating environmental impacts, which has caused social and economical impacts as well. The clean-up process, which included burning the oil (relatively effective as it reduced 113,400 liters of oil to 1,134 liters of removable residue), spraying chemicals on the oil which reached the shoreline and mechanical cleanup methods, did not eradicate the oil fast enough as the environmental impacts are still present after 21 years. 10000 people were involved in the clean up and it took 4 summers and cost 2 billion dollars. This large number of people put their jobs on hold and attended to the effects of the oil spill, which could have caused a decline in the economy in Alaska (Exxon Valdez oil spill, n.d., para. 5). The biggest impact of the oil spill was on the wildlife. Some 2,000 sea otters, 302 harbor seals and about 250,000 seabirds died within a few days after the oil spill (Graham, 2003, para. 1). A decrease in biodiversity and the ecosystems in Alaska affect the environment significantly as it disrupts food chains and causes animals like ducks and other marine animals to lose their source of food. The biggest impact, in terms of wildlife, is the herring population and the effect on the herring industry in Alaska. The spill occurred during spawning season that the inlets and bays where herring traditionally laid their eggs were choked with oil. Within four years, the herring population has disappeared. This has affected Alaskans in terms of their jobs and their source of food. Permits to fish herring commercially had been worth hundreds of thousands of dollars before the spill but became worthless, leaving many fishermen facing huge amounts of debt. Farmers used to earn 150000 dollars a year but this has dropped to 5000 dollars, showing the extent of the impact of the loss of herring (BBC News, 2010, para. 9). A weaker economy results in economical problems within the area and a change in employment structure as children of these fisherman can no longer have the opportunity to be a herring farmer. Economic problems can also result in social problems such as domestic violence, alcohol abuse, suicides and divorces, mainly due to massive unemployment. This example shows that the environmental impacts can have their own impacts, which again questions whether the extraction of oil is worth all these consequences. After 21 years, 20000 gallons of oil still remain on the beaches of Prince William Sound (BBC News, 2010, para. 30). Therefore, the clean up hasn’t been very effective. It’s also worth pointing out that maybe all the environmental impacts still haven’t been determined, for example the soil and vegetation could also have been affected by the oil spill as the oil may have seeped through the sand of the beaches. This would affect the growth of vegetation drastically. People don’t know enough to predict how long the effects are going to last as they can range from years to centuries. One wonders how long countries can continue to extract and consume oil when they still don’t fully know the extent of the environmental effects of oil spills and if their chances of occurring are more likely. The production of oil is also a process which causes a variety of negative effects on the environment. An example is the tar sands oil extraction in Canada – the country which supplies the US with the most oil as it doesn’t have issues regarding transport, weather and the fact that there are pipeline installed from Canada to the US. There is enough natural gas to heat 3 million homes from the extraction of tar sands oil in Canada. However, it is expensive to extract the oil out of the sands (120 million dollars over the last 12 years have been invested) which has lead to environmental degradation in the form of excess use of water to extract bitumen. The bitumen is then refined and the toxic sludge (not like conventional oil – mainly nasty impurities) that is left over after separating oil from impurities is usually dumped in ponds and lakes. In some cases, the toxic ponds are so big that they can be seen from space. The Athabasca River in Canada has a large number of toxic ponds, some being 60 km long in length. These companies, like SUNCOR (Canadian energy company), are dumping around 1.8 billion liters of toxic materials like sludge and impurities in these ponds, they will eventually reach water in the delta (Sustainable Guidance, 2011). The effects of these impurities in the water can be devastating to the wildlife. There is a decrease in the number of fish as the sludge clogs up the fish’s gills, making it hard for them to breathe. The change in the ecosystem and food chain will also cause a decline in fish as smaller species like plankton may be affected by the impurities. The fish may also be contaminated and migratory birds which eat these fish will suffer and possibly die as they won’t eat healthy meat. Moose is another species which are affected by the toxic ponds as their source of food is contaminated and decreasing. This has lead to a number of endangered species. There is a 35 million acres coniferous forest (larger than the Brazilian forest) which is full of endangered species. There have also been cases where environmental issues like toxic ponds are not released to the public as these details have been ‘covered up’ by companies like SUNCOR, leaving environmentalists like Green peace in conflict with these energy companies. This example has shown the harmful effects of oil production on the environment, which again makes us question whether this is all worth it (Sustainable Guidance, 2011). To a very small extent, the environmental impacts of the global increase in demand for oil are acceptable. It can be said, with great certainty, that oil production and consumption does not benefit the environment. The environmental consequences may not be frequent but when they do occur, they cause a catastrophic effect, which takes the environment and the people decades or even longer to recover. These impacts are therefore not acceptable, which is why countries should start investing in producing renewable energy such as solar panels and wind turbines. Governments can’t suddenly start decreasing the amount of oil they consume as the people are already used to living with a high standard of living. The populations around the world should be educated about the problem and should be encouraged to start relying on renewable sources of energy. However, this raises the problem for developing countries and NICs. It will be extremely difficult to develop without consuming large amounts of oil and will therefore cause the rate of development to decrease. This leaves these types of countries at a disadvantage, which questions whether it is acceptable for all countries to consume a smaller amount of oil when there are countries with different levels of development. Clearly the issue needs to be discussed before any strategies can be implemented. References BBC News. (2010, July 6). Alaska town slowly heals after 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-10548872 BBC News. (2010, June 17). Examining the legacy of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10324021 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved February 24, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill Graham, S. (2003, December 19). Environmental effects of Exxon Valdez spill still being felt. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=environmental-effects-of Guinness, P. (2011). Geography for the IB diploma. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. RGS Worcester. (n.d.) The Exxon Valdez – environmental catastrophe in a fragile environment? Retrieved from https://schoolweb.rgsw.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=52612 Sustainable Guidance. (2011, April 27). Tar sands oil extraction – the dirty truth. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkwoRivP17A